IUCN har nedgraderat hotnivån för det iberiska lodjuret från utrotningshotad till sårbart efter att populationen ökat till över 2.000 individer. Trots detta kvarstår arten som utrotningshotad på nationell nivå i Spanien, skriver tidningen El País.
För 23 år sedan inledde Spanien räddningsarbetet för det iberiska lodjuret, som då endast hade 94 individer kvar i två separata populationer: 54 i Andújar (Jaén) och 40 i Coto de Doñana (Huelva). Idag har antalet ökat till över 2.000, varav 648 är vuxna. IUCN har därför ändrat hotnivån från utrotningshotad till sårbar. Bakom framgången ligger ökningen av kaninbeståndet, förbättrad miljö, minskade dödsfall orsakade av människor, avel i fångenskap och utsläpp av lodjur i det vilda.
Trots denna positiva utveckling har ingen omklassificering skett på nationell eller regional nivå i Spanien, där arten fortfarande bedöms som utrotningshotad. Enligt Spaniens miljödepartement är lodjuret fortfarande en prioritet när det gäller biologisk mångfald.
Första gången IUCN ändrade hotnivån för det iberiska lodjuret var 2015, då arten gick från kritiskt utrotningshotad till utrotningshotad. Trots de stora framstegen finns det fortfarande hot, framför allt på grund av fluktuationer i kaninbeståndet, som har drabbats hårt av sjukdomar. Paradoxalt nog är den vilda haren mer hotad än lodjuret, enligt IUCN.
Räddningsinsatserna har varit utmanande, särskilt under de tidiga åren med brist på finansiering och erfarenhet. Det europeiska programmet Life har spelat en avgörande roll genom att tillhandahålla finansiellt stöd. Idag finns fyra avelscentra, varav ett i Portugal.
Sedan 2011 har mer än 400 lodjur släppts ut i Spanien och Portugal, vilket har ökat deras utbredningsområde avsevärt. Trots stora framsteg, såsom framgångsrik avel i fångenskap och återintroduktion i naturen, kvarstår utmaningar som en kronisk njursjukdom och trafikolyckor. År 2023 rapporterades att sju procent av lodjursbeståndet drabbades av trafikolyckor.
För att säkerställa artens överlevnad krävs fortsatt upprättande av nya populationer och genetiskt varierade avelsprogram. Life Lynx Connect, med en budget på 18,7 miljoner euro, syftar till att förbättra situationen ytterligare fram till 2026.
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Ett målmedvetet program sedan 2001 har mer än tjugodubblat beståndet av det iberiska lodjuret. Foto: Shutterstock
Dela:
Lodjuret upphör att vara utrotningshotat
Publicerad 2024-06-22 07:00SPANIEN RIKS Lodjuret är inte längre utrotningshotat. Internationella naturvårdsunionen (IUCN) har nedgraderat hotnivån för det iberiska lodjuret (Lynx pardinus) till sårbart. Arten har varit utrotningshotad i drygt 20 år, men antalet individer har ökat från endast 94 år 2001 till nuvarande drygt 2.000.
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